Hard and soft tissue shape variation and changes in Class II division 1 malocclusion during orthodontic treatment: a geometric morphometric analysis

Chu CS 1 , Marizan Nor M 2 , Mohamed AM 1 , Mohd Hadi Pritam H 3

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
  • 2 Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia. [email protected]
  • 3 School of Health Sciences, USM Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
BMC Oral Health, 2023 Nov 27;23(1):931.
PMID: 38012634 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03684-7

Abstract

BACKGROUND: This study aims to determine the hard and soft tissue shape variation and its changes in Class II division 1 malocclusion before and after orthodontic treatment using Geometric Morphometric Analysis.

METHODS: This retrospective study included 141 pre-treatment and near-end treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of Class II division 1 malocclusion patients aged 16-40 years with a skeletal II pattern (ANB > 4o). 32 landmarks in Cartesian coordinates were created and identified using MorphoJ software to establish a shape analysis.

RESULTS: The vertical dimensions (hypodivergent to hyperdivergent facial profiles) showed the largest variation in the general shape of hard and soft tissue, followed by the anteroposterior dimensions (mild to severe skeletal II patterns). Variations of lip shape (long to short), lip protuberance (everted to inverted), and nasolabial angle (obtuse to acute) were present. Orthodontic treatment affected the shape of the hard and soft tissue significantly (p 

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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