Innovations in the synthesis of graphene nanostructures for bio and gas sensors

Ikram M 1 , Bari MA 2 , Bilal M 2 , Jamal F 2 , Nabgan W 3 , Haider J 4 Show all authors , Haider A 5 , Nazir G 6 , Khan AD 2 , Khan K 7 , Tareen AK 7 , Khan Q 8 , Ali G 9 , Imran M 10 , Caffrey E 11 , Maqbool M 12

Affiliations 

  • 1 Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan. Electronic address: [email protected]
  • 2 Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
  • 3 School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
  • 4 Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
  • 5 Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Punjab, Pakistan
  • 6 Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
  • 7 College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
  • 8 Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4 Canada. Electronic address: [email protected]
  • 9 Nanomaterials Research Group, Physics Division, PINSTECH, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • 10 State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing Engineering Centre for Hierarchical Catalysts, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
  • 11 Department of Clinical & Diagnostic Sciences, Health Physics Program, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
  • 12 Department of Clinical & Diagnostic Sciences, Health Physics Program, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. Electronic address: [email protected]
Biomater Adv, 2023 Feb;145:213234.
PMID: 36502548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213234

Abstract

Sensors play a significant role in modern technologies and devices used in industries, hospitals, healthcare, nanotechnology, astronomy, and meteorology. Sensors based upon nanostructured materials have gained special attention due to their high sensitivity, precision accuracy, and feasibility. This review discusses the fabrication of graphene-based biosensors and gas sensors, which have highly efficient performance. Significant developments in the synthesis routes to fabricate graphene-based materials with improved structural and surface properties have boosted their utilization in sensing applications. The higher surface area, better conductivity, tunable structure, and atom-thick morphology of these hybrid materials have made them highly desirable for the fabrication of flexible and stable sensors. Many publications have reported various modification approaches to improve the selectivity of these materials. In the current work, a compact and informative review focusing on the most recent developments in graphene-based biosensors and gas sensors has been designed and delivered. The research community has provided a complete critical analysis of the most robust case studies from the latest fabrication routes to the most complex challenges. Some significant ideas and solutions have been proposed to overcome the limitations regarding the field of biosensors and hazardous gas sensors.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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