Translocation of Fungicides and Their Efficacy in Controlling Phellinus noxius, the Cause of Brown Root Rot Disease

Liao TZ 1 , Chen YH 2 , Tsai JN 3 , Chao C 2 , Huang TP 2 , Hong CF 2 Show all authors , Wu ZC 4 , Tsai IJ 5 , Lee HH 5 , Klopfenstein NB 6 , Kim MS 7 , Stewart JE 8 , Atibalentja N 9 , Brooks FE 10 , Cannon PG 11 , Farid AM 12 , Hattori T 13 , Kwan HS 14 , Ching Lam RY 14 , Ota Y 15 , Sahashi N 13 , Schlub RL 16 , Shuey LS 17 , Tang AMC 18 , Chung CL 1

Affiliations 

  • 1 Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
  • 2 Pesticide Residue Analysis Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
  • 3 Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taichung 413008, Taiwan
  • 4 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
  • 5 Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
  • 6 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, Moscow, ID 83843, U.S.A
  • 7 USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, OR 97331, U.S.A
  • 8 Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, U.S.A
  • 9 American Samoa Community College, Western Dist. 96799, American Samoa
  • 10 1961 Westwood Pl., Pomona, CA 91768, U.S.A
  • 11 USDA Forest Service, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection, Vallejo, CA 94592, U.S.A
  • 12 Forest Health and Conservation Programme, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Selangor 52109, Kepong, Malaysia
  • 13 Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
  • 14 School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Central Ave, Hong Kong
  • 15 College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
  • 16 Cooperative Extension and Outreach, University of Guam, Mangilao 96923, Guam
  • 17 Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Brisbane 4001, Australia
  • 18 Muni Arborist Limited, Lam Tsuen, Hong Kong
Plant Dis, 2023 Jul;107(7):2039-2053.
PMID: 36428260 DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-06-22-1285-RE

Abstract

Brown root rot disease (BRRD), caused by Phellinus noxius, is an important tree disease in tropical and subtropical areas. To improve chemical control of BRRD and deter emergence of fungicide resistance in P. noxius, this study investigated control efficacies and systemic activities of fungicides with different modes of action. Fourteen fungicides with 11 different modes of action were tested for inhibitory effects in vitro on 39 P. noxius isolates from Taiwan, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Australia, and Pacific Islands. Cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, and tebuconazole (Fungicide Resistance Action Committee [FRAC] 3, target-site G1) inhibited colony growth of P. noxius by 99.9 to 100% at 10 ppm and 97.7 to 99.8% at 1 ppm. The other effective fungicide was cyprodinil + fludioxonil (FRAC 9 + 12, target-site D1 + E2), which showed growth inhibition of 96.9% at 10 ppm and 88.6% at 1 ppm. Acropetal translocation of six selected fungicides was evaluated in bishop wood (Bischofia javanica) seedlings by immersion of the root tips in each fungicide at 100 ppm, followed by liquid or gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analyses of consecutive segments of root, stem, and leaf tissues at 7 and 21 days posttreatment. Bidirectional translocation of the fungicides was also evaluated by stem injection of fungicide stock solutions. Cyproconazole and tebuconazole were the most readily absorbed by roots and efficiently transported acropetally. Greenhouse experiments suggested that cyproconazole, tebuconazole, and epoxiconazole have a slightly higher potential for controlling BRRD than mepronil, prochloraz, and cyprodinil + fludioxonil. Because all tested fungicides lacked basipetal translocation, soil drenching should be considered instead of trunk injection for their use in BRRD control.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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