Browse publications by year: 2019

  1. G Dhayalan, AH Junaidi, MS Salleh, K Aina
    IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2019;18(101):18-0.
    MyJurnal
    Small bowel perforation is common following blunt abdominal trauma. Intra-abdominal injury with isolated small bowel perforation however, is a rare entity and diagnosis can be ambiguous. Non-isolated small bowel perforation, which carries a higher mortality rate, will be identified early during the assessment of the patient following a blunt abdominal trauma.A case of an isolated small bowel perforation following a road traffic accident is reported. A motorcycle rider, while trying to avoid a car, lost control and skidded into a drain. Upon arrival to the Emergency Department, he was complaining of upperabdominal pain evident by abrasion and bruising of his bilateral hypochondriacs. FAST scan showed free fluid at Morrison’s pouch and a formal abdominal ultrasound confirmed minimal free fluid at Morrison’s pouch. A plain CT abdomen was done and did not show any evidence of solid organ injury but demonstrated pneumoperitoneum. In view of the persistent abdominal tenderness, open fracture of left femur, radius and ulna, and radiological findings, a laparotomy was performed which revealed an isolated 1x1cm small bowel perforation, 60cm from DJ junction with localized faecal contamination. Small bowel repair was done and patient recovered well afterward.Although challenging, due to its detrimental infectious potential, early recognition of small bowel injury is crucial. Isolated small bowel perforation, rarely without associated intra-abdominal injury, requires more investigations, delaying diagnosis to treatment period. CT abdomen has proven to be both specific and sensitive in diagnosing small bowel injuries. Even when physical examination and radiological examinations are minimal, a suspicion of small bowel perforation should be considered as delay in diagnosis eventually increases morbidity and mortality.
  2. K Subrumaniam, Sakti, Nurdaliza, YW Yan
    IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2019;18(101):12-0.
    MyJurnal
    Abdominaltrauma is relatively uncommon in children but can leads to a significant morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. The abdomen is the third most commonly injured anatomic region in children, after the head and the extremities. The abdomen is the most common site of initially unrecognized fatal injury in traumatized children.We are reporting a case of a child with multiple solid organ injury that was successfully treated non-operatively at our center.We presented apreviously healthy 9-month-old girl, presented with fluctuating GCS secondary to motor vehicle accident with borderline hemodynamic stability. She was intubated, blood transfusion commenced and a single inotrope support started. She subsequently diagnosedwith grade III liver injury, grade II splenic injury, right grade IV renal injury with large perinephric and retroperitoneal hematoma and moderate hemoperitoneum, a non-displaced left superior pubic rami fracture and cerebral edema on computed tomography (CT). She was admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Her intra-abdominal injury injuries were successfully treated conservatively. She required a right chest tube on post trauma day 2, for right hemothorax. The chest tube was removed 3 days later following adequate drainage. She eventually was weaned off from ventilator on post trauma day 11. Feeding was commenced on day 7 of post trauma.She was discharge home well after 3 weeks post trauma with periodical follow up.Conclusion: Pediatric intra-abdominal solid organ injury is relatively uncommon, but a potential source of significant morbidity. Non-operative management is the standard of care for the majority of these injuries, which have shown successful rate more than 95%, although continued hemodynamic instability mandates operative intervention.
  3. Nur Hayati AS, MRAS
    IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2019;18(101):20-0.
    MyJurnal
    A 9-year-old girl, waken up from sleep with acute abdomen. Noted by care-taker, evisceration of small bowels from a stab wound at the epigastric region. She was brought to ED with class II shock and mild pallor. Her caretaker lodged a police report after noticed her schizophrenic uncle left home with a knife. Following adequate resuscitation, she had emergency laparotomy. A moderate gastric content contamination with multiple sites of perforation at the stomach, small bowels and its mesentery was seen and repaired primarily. Postoperatively, she was ventilated in ICU, provided with parenteral nutrition and institution of broad-spectrum antibiotics. She was extubated and transferred to HDW on day 4 and make a complete recovery on day 10.Discussion:Paediatric penetrating abdominal injury is much less common as compared to blunt abdominal injury. It is important to determine the mechanism of injury as it influences the management decision. The colon and small bowels are the most commonly injured hollow organs in penetrating injury. A bowel injury in trauma isa leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Managing postoperative bowel injury in paediatric required a multidisciplinary team approach for a successful outcome. A well-prepared surgical team with a well-equipped operation room, availability of blood substitutes and the necessary investigations are all the important links in the management of the patient of bowel evisceration.
  4. Sivanandhan S, Sivaneswaran L
    IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2019;18(101):15-0.
    MyJurnal
    Accidental male genital injuries represent a serious urological disorder that demands immediate urological treatment due to risk of infection and need for fertility preservation. We reported a30-year-old gentleman who presented with an extensive penile degloving injury, right open pneumothorax and right thigh laceration following a buffalo attack. Examination under anesthesia (EUA) demonstrated ruptured penis with tearing up to penile base and partially avulsed right testis. Right orchidectomy, wound debridement and suprapubic catheter insertion performed before being referred to Penang General Hospital. Repeated EUA revealed avulsed penile urethra 3cm from the meatus with interposing granulation tissue of 2cm in length. He underwent serial wound debridement and eventually required a split skin graft to the penis. Patient was reported to be able to achieve penile erection by 2 months post-operative and planned for urethroplasty later. This is the first paper that reports an incident of buffalo attack resulting in degloving injury of penis. Management depends on severity of trauma and prompt intervention essential to prevent immediate as well as delayed complication. Urethral injury must be considered in any extensive penile injury. Despite multiple modality for traumatic penile skin loss repair, split thickness skin grafting (SSG) was chosen for this patient. Conclusion: External injuries of the genitals, particularly caused by animal attack, should be followed by immediate operative exploration and if necessary, to reparative measures. Care must be taken with goal of optimizing long term sexual, cosmetic and voiding outcomes.
  5. Ahmad Ibrahim Yahaya, Mohd Radzi
    IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2019;18(101):17-0.
    MyJurnal
    Traumatic tracheobronchial injury is rare, but can be life-threatening. It is often associated with other fatal injuries. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial to produce the best outcome. We are reporting a40-year-old gentleman, a lorry driver who had a head on collision with a car. He was brought to the casualty with an intact airway. ATLS was initiated and lead by trauma team. Subsequently in casualty, his conscious level dropped and he became distressed,hence a standard orotracheal intubation was performed. Following intubation, he developed massivesubcutaneous emphysema to the neck and upper chest. Computed tomography (CT) showed tracheal injury at C7-T2 level, extensive subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum with malposition of the endotracheal tube. Emergency neck exploration was performed in operating theatre, and revealed a complete transection of trachea at the level of 2ndand 3rdtracheal ring. No other vital structures were injured. A tracheostomy was created, and the patient was managed in ICU for one day. Four days following the first surgery, he was transferred to a more specialized center for tracheal refashioning and anastomosis. The patient was discharged home later without a tracheostomy. In tracheobronchial injury, high level of suspicion based on clinical judgement is vital for prompt diagnosis, with adjunct of radiological investigation. Surgical intervention to establish a patent airway in operating theatre is undoubtedly crucial in a complete tracheal transection to prevent secondary insult from tissue hypoxia. In managing such injury, advance preparation should include setups for bronchoscopy and thoracotomy. Patient survival depends on preparation and prompt surgical intervention. A tailored surgical approach is often necessary for definitive repair.
  6. Appalasamy JR, Subramanian P, Tan KM, Seeta Ramaiah S, Joseph JP, Chua SS
    JMIR Nurs, 2019 07 22;2(1):e14399.
    PMID: 34345772 DOI: 10.2196/14399
    Background: Stroke is one of the top 10 leading diseases worldwide, with high mortality and morbidity rates. There is an incomplete understanding of the various types of self-efficacy involved in the prevention of recurrent stroke, and one of them is medication-taking self-efficacy.

    Objective: This study aimed to explore the fundamental needs and barriers of medication-taking self-efficacy in poststroke patients in Malaysia.

    Methods: We performed in-depth individual interviews with poststroke patients (N=10) from the Outpatient Neurology Clinic, Hospital Kuala Lumpur. All interviews were transcribed verbatim, and an inductive thematic analysis was performed on the data collected from the interviews.

    Results: Two key themes were identified: (1) self-efficacy in taking the effort to understand stroke and its preventative treatment for recurrent stroke and (2) self-efficacy in taking prescribed medication to prevent stroke. Patients needed to be proactive in seeking reliable information about stroke and the perceived benefits of preventative treatment for stroke. The discussion was focused on eliciting the needs and barriers related to medication-taking self-efficacy. Patients needed to develop independence and self-reliance to overcome barriers such as dependency and low motivation. External factors such as limited information resources, low perceived severity, poor social environment, and poor communication add to the challenges of poststroke patients to improve their self-efficacy of managing their medications.

    Conclusions: The study identified potential key findings related to the needs of patients in a localized setting, which are also related to several health behavioral concepts and constructs, indicating the importance of overcoming barriers to improve the quality of life in poststroke patients. We anticipate that the results will be taken into consideration for future personalized patient education interventions.

  7. Mohd Fahmi AAziz, NE Mahno, Mohd Nazli MZ, Siti Kamariah CM
    IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2019;18(101):10-0.
    MyJurnal
    We aim to report a rare case of colonic perforation post percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and its conservative management.We report a 63-year-old Malay, thalassemia carrier male who underwent an uncomplicated left PCNL fora left renal stone. On second postoperative day, clinically evidence of subcutaneous emphysema. Serial CXR imaging confirmed presence of air under diaphragm. Small colonic perforation was diagnosed which subsequently developed localized collection retroperitoenally. He was successfully treated with non-operative management including intravenous antibiotic, surgical drainage and good nutrional has successfully support healed the collection. Serial CT renal protocol showed a healed retroperitoneal collection and patient made a good clinical recovery.PCNL has promising stone clearance rate. However, it carries complications. A rare yet important complication; colonic perforation is a serious complication that if detected earlier, good clinical recovery can be achieved conservatively.
  8. Mohd Latiff Iqramie Muhamad Zaki, Mohd Fauzi Sharudin, Mohd Arief Md Sobri, Hamzah Sukiman
    MyJurnal
    Acute pancreatitis is relatively rare in children. Published local data on childhood pancreatitis is even vanishingly scarce. Our intent is to evaluate the demography, aetiology, clinical course, and complications of children with acute pancreatitis.Materials andMethods:A single-centre, retrospective review of patients aged 12 years or younger, admitted between January 2016 to February 2018 with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis performed. Demographic data, aetiology, and serum amylase on admission were collected. DeBanto score for assessment of severity was calculated (at admission and at 48H) and patients’ clinical outcome was assessed.Results:A total of eight patients, aged between 3 to 12 years (median 8.0 years) were diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Malays made up the majority (50%) but the Orang Asli is over-represented at 37.5%. Most were idiopathic (50%), but 25% of pancreatitis were caused by helminths. All patients presented with abdominal pain as the primary complaint. Most of them followed a mild course of disease; all but one patient had a DeBanto score of
  9. Ilham Alia, M.A.Fauzi, S Ismail,, zmas Mahno, A W Ahmad,, M N A Abdul Rahman,, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Foot ulcer is one of the most serious complications associated with diabetes mellitus that mat resulted in a disability and impairment of health related quality of life.Materials andMethods: The main objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the factors adversely associated with quality of life among diabetic foot ulcer patients. Diabetic patients with evidence of diabetic foot ulcer attending outpatient orthopaedics and general surgical clinic of Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan were recruited into this study. A set of validated SF-36 questionnaire was employed to evaluate the health-related quality of life for each patient.This study was registered with the National Medical Research Register (NMRR registration no. 17-1520-36332).Results: There is a slightly higher proportion of female among the 104 respondents. Its prevalence is most pronounces in the lower income group. Majority presented with Wagner stage 2 and 3. Amputation has been performed in 54% of these patients. Physical health score fair worse than mental health. Age, low socioeconomic status, presence of comorbidities, major amputation, ulcer at the forefoot and wheelchair usage associated with an adverse effect on the physical health aspect in these patients. Interestingly, smoker seems to score better on the mental health aspect of the quality of life.Conclusion: Diabetic foot ulcer affected physical health aspect much more than mental health aspect within the context of the quality of life.
  10. DS Sanjay, KY Lee, H Syafiq, MS Salleh
    MyJurnal
    Many cancer patients in general require long term venous access such as chemoport for chemotherapy, as well as infusion of fluids and blood taking. However, chemoport insertions carry complications such as infection, blockage, pneumothorax and malposition.We received feedbacks regarding complications endured by patients after chemoport insertion from the respective teams managing the patients in our hospital. In view of that, we conducted a retrospective audit on the chemoport insertions which we have done.Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective audit on the chemoport insertions which was planned for open method insertion through cephalic vein performed over the last 4 years from 2014 to 2017.Results: A total of 102 chemoports were inserted. Majority of patient’s ages are 50-59 years old. 88 (86%) of the cases were done via open method whereas another 14 cases were converted to percutaneous route. Majority of patients (55%) of the patients have breast carcinoma followed by colorectal (28%), haematological (12%) and gynaecological malignancies (5%). Complications occurred in 10 patients (rate at 9.8%). Most common complications were catheter related infection (5 cases) followed by wound infection (3 cases) and malposition (2 cases). Malposition was detected on post-operative chest radiograph and revision was done. All catheter related infection occurred in patients with haematological malignancies. Our complication rate of 9.8% is lower than the accepted complication rate of 15-25% worldwide.Conclusion: Chemoport provides a robust vascular access especially for the purpose of chemotherapy infusion. We showed with adequate training and privileging, it can be performed with very limited complications
  11. Mostafa A, Hoque R, Haque M
    Florence Nightingale Hemsire Derg, 2019 Oct;27(3):211-221.
    PMID: 34267975 DOI: 10.5152/FNJN.2019.19025
    Aim: The educational environment is the most significant manifestation of the curriculum. The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure questionnaire is the precise quantitative assessment tool for the EE for medical- and health-related professional schools.

    Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College, Chittagong, Bangladesh during the study period of 2017-2018. The DREEM questionnaire was distributed to the paraclinical and clinical students in their regular classes. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 19.

    Results: A total of 170 students responded to the questionnaire, of which 27.6% were male, and 72.4% were female. The mean total Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure score of the present study was 130.46. Paraclinical students scored statistically significantly higher than clinical students (p=0.040). Students' social self-perceptions were significantly higher for male than for female students (p<0.05). Most of the students opined that a positive learning experience (80.6%), appropriate teaching method (81.2%), and academic self-perceptions were positive (77.1%), and positive learning atmosphere (65.9%) as well as social surroundings were in acceptable range (70.6%) in Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College.

    Conclusion: The findings and evidences of the present study will hopefully provide the basis to take effective measures to improve teaching and learning environment of this medical school.

  12. Fata Nahas ARM, Elkalmi RM, Al-Shami AM, Elsayed TM
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2019 6 1;11(2):170-175.
    PMID: 31148894 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_263_18
    Background: High rates of psychological problems including depression among university students have been reported in various studies around the world. The objectives of this study were to explore the prevalence of depressive disorder, as well as the associated sociodemographic factors (gender, origin, school, and year of study) among health sciences students.
    Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 425 students from 5 different schools of health sciences at International Islamic University Malaysia, using the Patient Health Questionaire-9 (PHQ-9).
    Results: With a response rate of 85.9% (n = 365), the results showed a depressive disorder prevalence of 36.4%. The mean PHQ-9 score of the respondents was 8.10 (SD = 4.9), indicating mild depression severity. A statistically significant association was revealed between gender and severity of depression (P = 0.03), as well as between students' origin and severity of depression (P = 0.02).
    Conclusion: The findings indicated high prevalence of depression among undergraduate health sciences students. While providing significant information to students' affairs department, the study findings suggest the necessity to address depressive disorder in health sciences university students in Malaysia. Future research is needed to confirm these results in larger samples.
    Study site: International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan health campus, Pahang, Malaysia
    MeSH terms: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression*; Malaysia; Students, Dental; Students, Health Occupations; Students, Medical; Students, Nursing; Students, Pharmacy; Universities; Prevalence
  13. Sowtali SN, Mohd Rasani AA, Mohd. Shah AS, Mohd. Yusoff D, Harith S, Zainol NAJ, et al.
    IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2019;18(3):154-164.
    MyJurnal
    There is widespread use of herbal and dietary supplements worldwide among patients despite robust clinical evidence of its efficacy. This may lead to adverse effects, such as diabetes, hypertension, stroke, cardiovascular risk and kidney problems due to inappropriate self-prescription. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of herbal and dietary supplements usage among patients with chronic kidney disease and its association with the socio-demographic background and the conventional medication adherence. Materials and methods: A survey was conducted among 78 chronic kidney disease patients attending the Nephrology Clinic, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan, Pahang. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi Square Test and Fisher’s Exact Test. The p-valuewas set to be less 0.05 for its level of significance. Results: Most of the patients aged more than 50 years (89.7%), female (53.8%), unemployed (41%) and from lower socio-economic earners (75.6%). Only 5.2% of respondents reported using herbal and dietary supplements. There was no association between socio-demographic background with the herbal and dietary supplements usage. Similarly, there was no association between herbal and dietary supplements usage and the conventional medication adherence. Conclusion: This study provides a good baseline on the usage of herbal and dietary supplements use among chronic disease patients. It can be concluded that the level of awareness among the patients is good. Nevertheless, a larger study shall be performed in the future to explore the pattern of association.
  14. Salmuna ZN, Hashim S, Hasan H, Harun A, Abdul Rahman Z, Ismail N, et al.
    IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2019;18(3):144-152.
    MyJurnal
    Influenza-like illnesses (ILI) were defined as a triad of cough, sore throat and fever. The aim of this study is to determine the changes in knowledge, perceptions and practices towards preventive measures of succumbing to ILI before and after hajj among Malaysian hajj pilgrims.Methodology: An open-labeled randomized control trial study performed on five hundred Malaysian hajj pilgrims in the year 2013. After validated pre-hajj questionnaires completed, 250 subjects were given health education, benzalkonium-based handrub and demonstration of the handrub usage together with pamphlets and labelled as an intervention group. Another 250 subjects from another flight batch were given the same questionnaires without health education with unmedicated hand lotion as a control group. The knowledge, perception, practices and compliances to the handrub practice in both groups were compared with the pre-hajj results. Results: No significant difference between pre and post hajj knowledge and practice among hajj pilgrims in intervention group. Pre hajj perception score [ M (IQR) = 30 (5.00), Z= -2.441, p < 0.05 ] is much higher compared to post hajj perception [ M (IQR) = 29 (6.00), Z = -2.441, p < O.O5 ]. No significant difference between pre and post hajj knowledge, perception and practices among hajj pilgrims in control group. Hand hygiene compliance was not improved with provision of health education and free handrub supply. Conclusion: No significant changes in knowledge, perceptions and practices of Malaysian hajj pilgrims pre and post-hajj in both groups. Provision of handrub did not improved hajj pilgrims compliance.
  15. Nurul Saidah D, Salwani I, Rabiatul Adawiyah U, Nurul ‘Adani, Mohd Hilmi AB, Mohd Khairi Z
    IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2019;18(3):128-135.
    MyJurnal
    Acne is a common skin disorder and is generally caused by Propionibacterium acnesand Staphylococcus aureus. Etlingera elatior flower extract is known to have antibacterial properties however, the properties against these bacteria have not been extensively reported. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the antibacterial properties of the flower extract against these bacteria. Materials and Methods: The flower extract was subjected to sequential extraction using three different solvent polarities; n-Hexane, dichloromethane (DCM) and ethanol. The antibacterial properties were evaluated using the disc diffusion and broth dilution assays techniques by determining the inhibition zone diameter, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Total phenolic acids (TPC) and flavonoids contents (TFC) were estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium-chloride colorimetric assay respectively. Morphological changes of the treated bacteria were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results:DCM flower extract showed the highest antibacterial properties against P. acnes; at 25 mg/ml it had the widest inhibition zone (11.39 ± 0.45 mm) and the lowest MIC (6.25 mg/mL) and MBC (12.5 mg/mL). The ethanolic flower extract had the highest antibacterial properties against S. aureus; at 50 mg/ml­ the inhibition zone was 6.21 ± 0.25 mm and the MIC and MBC were both 12.5 mg/mL. Ethanolic extracts had the highest TPC (966.304 ± 114.08 mg GAE/g) and TFC (796.33 ± 65.78 mg QE/g). There was significant morphological changes of the treated bacteria observed under SEM. Conclusion:E. elatior flower extracts exhibited antibacterial properties against acne-inducing bacteria.
  16. N.A. Zainuddin, I. Norhuda, I. S. Adeib, A. N. Mustapa, S. H. Sarijo, T. Farahhanis
    MyJurnal
    Recently RESS method has been used by researchers to produce fine particles for pharmaceutical drug substances. Since RESS technology acknowledges a lot of benefits compare to conventional method of ginger extraction. Therefore, the objective of this research is to produce direct solid oil particles formation from ginger rhizome which contains valuable compounds by using RESS-CO2 process and to study the effect of pressure and temperature on extraction yield. RESS experiments were carried out at various extraction pressure of 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000 and 7000psi and at different extraction temperature of 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 and 70°C, respectively for 40 minutes extraction time and constant flowrate (24ml/min).From the studies conducted, it was found that extraction pressure is an important factor that can affect particle size and extraction yield. By increasing the extraction pressure, the extraction yield was found to increase with increasing of pressure at constant temperature, but extraction yield was found to decrease with increasing temperature. The highest extraction yield is 2.41% obtained at extraction pressure of 6000psi and constant extraction temperature of 65°C.
  17. Nur Ain Mohd Zainuddina, Farahhanis Tuah, Mohd Azahar Mohd Ariff
    MyJurnal
    Most of the previous researchers used conventional extraction technique such as steam distillation and solvent extraction method in Chromolaena Odorata extraction. Therefore, in this study a clean extraction method that is Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) technology using supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent (SC-CO2) was introduced for Chromolaena Odorata leaves extraction to produce oil of bioactive components. The objective of this research was to find the optimum pressure for the highest oil yield extracted. The extraction was conducted within a range of temperature (40, 45 and 50°C) and pressure (3000, 3500, 4000, 4500 and 5000psi), at a constant flowrate (24 ml/min) for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes of extraction time. From the studies, it was found that extraction pressure is an important factor that can affect the extraction yield where the oil yield increased as the pressure increased due to the increasing amount of CO2 consumed where it boost the density of the solvent to interact with the solute. The highest oil yield is 51.20% at pressure of 4000psi and temperature 50°C. Whereas at the highest pressure of 5000psi, the oil yield is the lowest. This shows that the extraction is not suitable at pressure 5000psi.
  18. Noor Harliza Abd Razaka, Siti Nadzirah Mohd Nawia, Ku Halim Ku Hamida
    MyJurnal
    The objective of this study is to characterized chitin from Leucaena leucephala pods at different aging stages with hydrochloric acid HCl by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Leucaena leucephala is chosen to be used in this study because it is abundantly and can be found easily along the road as it is widely spread in Malaysia and available throughout the year. Leucaena leucephala is not fully utilized yet and it could potential for new source for chitin. Results from FTIR shows that Amide I band in Leucaena leucephala before and after extraction range of 1650-1600cm-1 and is not divided into two peaks which make it appear close to a β-chitin. Beside, Amide I band of Leucaena leucephala before and after extraction is appearing wide (U-shaped) rather than sharp therefore the chitin from Leucaena leucephala is determined to be in the form of β- chitin.
  19. Nur Nadiatul Hidayah, Sumaiya Zainal Abidin, Tang Siew Kee
    MyJurnal
    In the past few years, solid liquid extraction (SLE) has shown greater potential in extraction of rare earth elements (REE) compared to liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The objective of this study is to analyse the extraction behaviour of dysprosium (Dy) using the extractant immobilised resin (EIR) in SLE. In this study, the synergist activity between ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([C2mim][NTf2]) or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([C4mim][NTf2])) with conventional extractant of Aliquat 336 (A336) were investigated and the most effective synergist extractant (SE) was further immobilised onto resins (CR11, HP20 and SP207) to synthesise EIR. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to detect the concentration Dy before and after extraction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to characterise EIRs. From the study, [C2mim][NTf2] showed better compatibility with A336 since this SE (A336- [C2mim][NTf2]) gives higher extraction efficiency of Dy at 90% compared to A336- [C4mim][NTf2] with less than 11% efficiency. SLE using resins immobilised with A336- [C2mim][NTf2] proved that only EIR1 (CR11) can effectively extract Dy compared to EIR2 (HP20) and EIR3 (SP207). The porosity of CR11 was higher compared to other resins which made EIR1 very efficient in adsorbing Dy. Plus, using 0.1 g of EIR1, 100% of Dy was extracted from 5 mL of aqueous phase in SLE compared to 2 mL of aqueous phase in LLE. Conclusively, this research has the potential to improvise the conventional practise of LLE into SLE using EIR with reduction in the use of extractant.
  20. Mohamed Bakrim N, Mohd Shah AS, Mohd. Shah ANS, A. Talib N, A.Rahman J, Muhamad Bunnori N, et al.
    IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2019;18(3):112-119.
    MyJurnal
    Proteomic profiling is essential in understanding the pathophysiological process of multifactorial diseases such as acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Despite the increasing incidence of AMI in young adults, proteomic-based study focusing on young AMI remains limited. This study aimed to examine the plasma proteomic profiles of young adults with AMI compared to control subjects. We also hope to identify disease-specific protein biomarkers that contribute to the development of AMI in the young. Methods:Pooled plasma protein from 10 AMI patients aged 18 to 45 years and 10 age, gender and race-matched volunteers were separated using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). The spots proteins were analysed using the PD Quest analysis software. The spots proteins that were found to have been expressed differently between the two groups were identified by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry. Results:There were three differently expressed proteins namely Apolipoprotein AI (Apo AI), Apolipoprotein AIV (Apo AIV) and Haptoglobin (p < 0.05). The expressions of these proteins were found to be increased in young patients with AMI compared to control subjects. Conclusion: The up regulation of Apo AI, Apo AIV and Haptoglobin in AMI patients indicate their important roles in the development of atherosclerotic disease. Thus, Apo AI, Apo AIV and Haptoglobin are potential disease biomarkers for young AMI.
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